January mean monthly maximum temperature (1971-2000) not adjusted for effects of radiation and skyview factors

Raster Dataset

Thumbnail

Tags
Blue River Watershed, climate change, climate modeling, HJ Andrews Experimental Forest, air temperature, Willamette Basin, mapping, climate data, Oregon


Summary

Display or analysis requiring spatially distributed mean monthly termperature maps over the HJ Andrews.

Description

Maximum mean monthly temperature maps (and average annual means) with the effects of vegetation removed, but not corrected for incoming monthly solar radiation. Maps were developed using PRISM (Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model), developed by Dr. Christopher Daly at the Spatial Climate Analysis Service. Grids were exported into ASCII format from GRASS GIS software; values are in degrees C x 100.

Credits

Use limitations

While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available "as is". The Andrews LTER shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of data sets.

Extent

West  -122.292380    East  -122.058938
North  44.297235    South  44.165482

Scale Range
Maximum (zoomed in)  1:5,000
Minimum (zoomed out)  1:150,000,000

ArcGIS Metadata 

Topics and Keywords 

Themes or categories of the resource  climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere


*Content type  Downloadable Data
Export to FGDC CSDGM XML format as Resource Description No

Place keywords  Blue River Watershed, HJ Andrews Experimental Forest, Willamette Basin, Oregon

Theme keywords  climate change, climate modeling, air temperature, mapping, climate data

Thesaurus
Title Andrews Forest LTER Thesaurus




Citation 

Title January mean monthly maximum temperature (1971-2000) not adjusted for effects of radiation and skyview factors
Alternate titles  norad_tmax01
Publication date 2002-04-23 00:00:00


Edition 1


Presentation formats  digital map


Resource identifier
Value ms02937


Other citation details
ms02937.zip



Citation Contacts 

Responsible party
Individual's name Christopher Daly
Organization's name PRISM Group, Northwest Alliance for Computational Science and Engineering
Contact's position Director
Contact's role  principal investigator


Contact information
Phone
Voice (541) 737-2531
Fax (541) 737-6609

Address
Type postal
Delivery point 2000 Kelley Engineering Center, Oregon State University
City Corvallis
Administrative area Oregon
Postal code 97331-2209
Country US
e-mail addressdaly@nacse.org



Responsible party
Organization's name Oregon State University
Individual's name Jonathan Smith
Contact's position graduate student
Contact's role  originator


Resource Details 

Dataset languages  English (UNITED STATES)
Dataset character set  utf8 - 8 bit UCS Transfer Format


Status  completed
Processing environment Microsoft Windows 7 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; Esri ArcGIS 10.2.2.3552

ArcGIS item properties
*Name norad_tmax01
*Location file://J:\hja83\norad_tmax01
*Access protocol Local Area Network

Extents 

Extent
Description
ground condition

Geographic extent
Bounding rectangle
Extent type  Extent used for searching
*West longitude -122.292380
*East longitude -122.058938
*North latitude 44.297235
*South latitude 44.165482
*Extent contains the resource Yes

Temporal extent
Beginning date 1971-01-01 00:00:00
Ending date 2000-01-01 00:00:00

Extent in the item's coordinate system
*West longitude 556573.356235
*East longitude 575073.356235
*South latitude 4890681.500103
*North latitude 4905131.500103
*Extent contains the resource Yes

Resource Points of Contact 

Point of contact
Individual's name Christopher Daly
Organization's name PRISM Group, Northwest Alliance for Computational Science and Engineering
Contact's position Director
Contact's role  principal investigator


Contact information
Phone
Voice (541) 737-2531
Fax (541) 737-6609

Address
Type postal
Delivery point 2000 Kelley Engineering Center, Oregon State University
City Corvallis
Administrative area Oregon
Postal code 97331-2209
Country US
e-mail addressdaly@nacse.org



Resource Maintenance 

Resource maintenance
Update frequency  not planned


Resource Constraints 

Legal constraints
Access constraints  other restrictions


Other constraints
Access constraints: Available on-line

Legal constraints
Use constraints  other restrictions


Other constraints
Use constraints: See data access policy at www.fsl.orst.edu/lter (especialy the data use policy)

Security constraints
Classification  unclassified


Constraints
Limitations of use

While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available "as is". The Andrews LTER shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of data sets.


Spatial Reference 

ArcGIS coordinate system
*Type Projected
*Geographic coordinate reference GCS_North_American_1983
*Projection NAD_1983_UTM_Zone_10N
*Coordinate reference details
Projected coordinate system
Well-known identifier 26910
X origin -5120900
Y origin -9998100
XY scale 450445547.3910538
Z origin -100000
Z scale 10000
M origin -100000
M scale 10000
XY tolerance 0.001
Z tolerance 0.001
M tolerance 0.001
High precision true
Latest well-known identifier 26910
Well-known text PROJCS["NAD_1983_UTM_Zone_10N",GEOGCS["GCS_North_American_1983",DATUM["D_North_American_1983",SPHEROID["GRS_1980",6378137.0,298.257222101]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0.0],UNIT["Degree",0.0174532925199433]],PROJECTION["Transverse_Mercator"],PARAMETER["False_Easting",500000.0],PARAMETER["False_Northing",0.0],PARAMETER["Central_Meridian",-123.0],PARAMETER["Scale_Factor",0.9996],PARAMETER["Latitude_Of_Origin",0.0],UNIT["Meter",1.0],AUTHORITY["EPSG",26910]]

Reference system identifier
Value 26910
*Codespace EPSG
*Version 8.2.6


Spatial Data Properties 

Georectified Grid
Number of dimensions 2


Axis dimensions properties
Dimension type  row (y-axis)
Dimension size 289
Resolution  50 Meter

Axis dimensions properties
Dimension type  column (x-axis)
Dimension size 370
Resolution  50 Meter

*Cell geometry  area
*Point in pixel  center


Transformation parameters are available No


Check points are available No


Corner points
*Point 556573.356235 4890681.500103
*Point 556573.356235 4905131.500103
*Point 575073.356235 4905131.500103
*Point 575073.356235 4890681.500103

*Center point 565823.356235 4897906.500103




ArcGIS Raster Properties
General Information
*Pixel depth 32
*Compression type RLE
*Number of bands 1
*Raster format GRID
*Source type continuous
*Pixel type floating point
*No data value -3.4028235e+038
*Has colormap No
*Has pyramids Yes




Spatial Data Content 

Image Description
*Type of information  physical measurement
Attribute described by cell values norad_tmax01


Band information
*Description norad_tmax01
*Maximum value 961.000000
*Minimum value 330.000000
Units
*Symbol Cel

*Number of bits per value 32
Scale factor applied to values 100


Triangulation has been performed No
Radiometric calibration is available No
Camera calibration is available No
Film distortion information is available No
Lens distortion information is available No


Data Quality 

Scope of quality information
Resource level  dataset




Data quality report - Completeness omission
Measure description
Caution must be taken when using estimated temperatures for areas outside the HJA boundaries shown in the maps. This is because environmental processes within the Lookout Creek watershed were used to quantify the effects of elevation, canopy, cloudiness, and topography on temperatures, and these effects were extrapolated to other areas, where in fact environmental processes may affect temperatures differently. Because adjustments may have obscured sensitive long-term trends in the datasets, caution should also be taken when using the final dataset to investigate evidence of long-term climatic events in the HJA, such as those associated with PDO (Pacific Decadal Oscillation) or ENSO (El Nino/Southern Oscillation) phenomena.





Data quality report - Quantitative attribute accuracy
Measure description
In any research project that bases its methodology on hypothesized quantifications of natural phenomena, there can be many sources of uncertainty. In this project, errors were not additive throughout the process because of the way in which the methodology was conducted (for example, the selective elimination of sites from the analysis at certain stages). Thus, the potential sources of error must be examined at each step independently of one another. Though a formal error analysis could not be done because of low confidence in the historical dataset as a whole, the following discussion attempts to quantify potential sources of uncertainty. Historical temperature data at the HJA have been gathered using partially shielded mercury bulb thermometers and thermisters. Instrumentation error for mercury thermometers (used for about two-thirds of the total period of record) was approximately ± 2.0°C, with another ± 2.0°C error introduced when digitizing the paper charts. Thermisters, installed by the early 1990s at all sites, are accurate to approximately ± 0.4°C (J. Moreau, pers. comm.). The inconsistency of sensor heights above the ground may also have been a source of error, though probably a small one. Mean monthly temperatures were less likely to have been affected by these observational errors than the original daily datasets. Mean monthly temperatures at sites with short records were adjusted to the full 30-year period using the highest correlated long-term site. For maximum temperature adjustments, mean absolute errors for periods of record ranged from 1.1°C for a one-year period of record to 0.2°C for a 24-year period of record (0.6°C to 0.2°C for minimum temperatures). The shorter the period of record for a short-term site, the greater the error, but potential temperature errors never exceeded 0.7°C because any site with less than three years of original data was not considered (mean absolute errors for maximum and minimum temperatures were 0.7°C to 0.6°C for three-year periods of record, respectively). Thus, errors introduced into the procedure by temporal adjustments were likely minimal compared to observational errors. Error estimates of the temperature interpolation process were made using a jackknife cross-validation procedure within PRISM. At each station location, PRISM was run without that station to estimate the temperature at its location, and the predicted values were compared to the observed station value. Mean absolute errors, which are the average of the absolute value of error, ranged from 0.5°C to 0.9°C for maximum temperatures, and from 0.1°C to 0.3°C for minimum temperatures throughout the year. Biases, which assess how high or low estimates are across the entire grid, ranged from +0.1°C to +0.3°C for maximum temperatures, and from 0.0°C to +0.1°C for minimum temperatures. All of these values are well within observational error, and show that spatial interpolation of temperatures introduced low levels of uncertainty to the process. There were other possible sources of error in the original temperature datasets. Forest edges (boundary areas between clearings and forests) and streams probably affected long-term monthly temperature values. Many climate stations in the HJA have been and are located within distances that may be affected by edges and streams. These physical features could not be accounted for in this study because necessary datasets did not exist to quantify them. This study also did not quantify scale-dependent temperature advection processes that may affect temperatures in the HJA. For example, temperature regimes on an even, broad north-facing slope are likely different than those on a small north-facing slope having several slopes of varying orientation nearby.





Data quality report - Absolute external positional accuracy
Measure description
10 meter DEM for the area was resampled to 50 meter cells





Lineage 

Process step
When the process occurred 2002-04-23 00:00:00
Description
Original datasets consisted of daily mean, maximum and minimum temperatures that had been quality-checked and processed into a consistent format. Missing data were indicated and questionable values were flagged according to a number of conditions (Bierlmaier, pers. comm.) Any value flagged in any way during this first filtering process was immediately discarded from the database and transformed into a missing value for that day. Daily temperatures were graphed and visually analyzed again on monthly and yearly scales to check for erroneous values possibly missed during the first filtering process. Again, any questionable values were discarded, ensuring the most reliable possible dataset. For the MET sites with variable sensor heights, the 1.5 meter values were used unless that value was missing, in which case the next lower sensor (2.5 meters) was used. After filtering twice, any site left with less than three years of data (10% of the 30-year period) was discarded. The GR sites were an exception to this rule because of their strategic locations in underrepresented areas or next to open MET sites (making them ideal for open/closed canopy comparisons). Most discarded sites are in areas that are adequately represented spatially by long-term sites. After mean monthly maximum and minimum temperature datasets were adjusted with regression functions to simulate open flat sites, they were imported into PRISM. PRISM uses a combination of geographic and statistical methods to spatially interpolate climate variables (Daly et al., 1994). It is a coordinated set of rules, decisions, and calculations (an ‘inference engine’) designed to mirror the decision-making process an expert climatologist would use in making a map (Daly and Johnson, 1999). Weights are assigned to the point data according to various factors. A station is downweighted when its elevation differs significantly from that of the target cell or is far from it geographically. The station’s influence is further reduced if it is clustered with others (avoiding over-representation), or has a significantly different slope and aspect (topographic facet) than the target cell (Daly et al., 1997). When used on large areas, PRISM is able to consider a station’s proximity to the ocean and the ‘flatness’ of an area to determine whether two-dimensional or three-dimensional estimates should be used (Daly and Johnson, 1999). These last two factors are not important in this study, because the HJA is a small area 150 kilometers from the nearest ocean and is hilly enough to require only the three-dimensional model. An iterative approach was taken in creating the gridded data for the temperature maps. With the exception of the stream sites, all canopy/topography-adjusted maximum and minimum temperature datasets were initially input into PRISM, using default parameters and a single-layer atmosphere model. The resulting grids clearly showed which sites to initially discard. For example, the unusually warm sites RS38, RS89, and H15MET were visually obvious as high temperature ‘bulls eyes’. All GR sites were revealed to be anomalously warm and were also discarded. Other sites such as CS2MET, RS02 and RS86 were also discarded because of warm or cold spatial biases. Including RS01’s data caused unusual temperature patterns due to the seasonal presence of Blue River Reservoir. From initial PRISM modeling and personal experience, VANMET was known to be anomalously warm and RS04 anomalously cool. In order to retain spatial representation in their area, a ‘pseudo-site’ was created at point between them on the DEM, with temperature values given as their averages for each month. Using this pseudo-site instead of VANMET and RS04 individually gave far more realistic temperatures on top of the northern peaks and ridges of the HJA. The National Climatic Data Center’s 500-millibar (approximately 5200 meters) 2.5° global temperature grid was used as a high-level anchor ‘site’ over the HJA to ensure that the tops of the highest peaks and ridges in the area were modeled correctly. Table 4.26 summarizes the sites used in the final analysis. With the exception of the Mack Creek area, most regions within the HJA are fairly well-represented spatially, having a measurement station within about two kilometers. PRISM was run again with the reduced set of sites. Since the number of sites had been decreased to 15, the radius of influence was specified to consider every point in the HJA when making cell estimates. Even using a single atmospheric layer model with this specification, a temperature inversion over the lower Lookout Creek Valley was evident during most months for both maximum and minimum temperatures. The maximum temperature inversion is more defined in January (at an elevation of approximately 700 meters), with minimum temperature inversions well-defined in both January and July at approximately 720 meters. Taking the base elevation of the Lookout Creek valley to be 420 meters, depths of inversions over it were approximately 280 meters for maximum temperatures and 300 meters for minimum temperatures. We thus switched to the two-atmosphere model in PRISM with these inversion height values specified. A certain amount of ‘cross-talk’ was allowed between layers to avoid an unnaturally abrupt transition between layers. Elevations were buffered by ± 150 meters for maximum temperature and ± 120 meters for minimum temperatures, reflecting the higher seasonal variation in minimum temperature inversion heights. Variable inversion heights with elevation were modeled such that the deepest inversions were found at the lowest elevations (over the lower Lookout Creek and McKenzie River valleys). The two-layer atmosphere model was used to model both maximum and minimum temperatures for every month. All of the final parameter values used to make the grids were determined by varying them slightly in different combinations, then iteratively running PRISM and analyzing the results both statistically (with regression functions through the PRISM interface) or visually (with the temperature grids). In this way, knowledge of HJA microclimatology could be applied and combined with PRISM’s statistical abilities to create maps that were not only numerically sound, but made sense physically. Citations for PRISM: Daly, C., E.H. Helmer, and M. Quinones. 2003. Mapping the climate of Puerto Rico, Vieques, and Culebra. International Journal of Climatology, 23: 1359-1381. Daly, C., W. P. Gibson, G.H. Taylor, G. L. Johnson, P. Pasteris. 2002. A knowledge-based approach to the statistical mapping of climate. Climate Research, 22: 99-113. Daly, C., R.P. Neilson, and D.L. Phillips. 1994. A statistical-topographic model for mapping climatological precipitation over mountainous terrain. Journal of Applied Meteorology 33: 140-158.



Process contact
Organization's name Oregon State University
Individual's name Jonathan Smith
Contact's position graduate student
Contact's role  originator




Process step
When the process occurred 2009-05-13 00:00:00
Description
project data from NAD 27 to NAD 83

Rationale
per US Forest Service standards/requirements



Process contact
Individual's name Theresa Valentine
Organization's name Corvallis Forest Science Laboratory
Contact's position Spatial Information Manager
Contact's role  processor


Contact information
Phone
Voice 541-750-7333
Fax 541-758-7760

Address
Type both
Delivery point 3200 SW Jefferson Way
City Corvallis
Administrative area Oregon
Postal code 97332
Country US
e-mail addresstvalentine@fs.fed.us or theresa.valentine@orst.edu

Hours of service
m-f 8:00am-4:00pm





Source data
Resolution of the source data



Geoprocessing history 

Process
Process name
Date 2009-05-13 16:26:06
Tool location C:\Program Files\ArcGIS\ArcToolbox\Toolboxes\Data Management Tools.tbx\ProjectRaster
Command issued
ProjectRaster J:\hja27\daly\jsmith\norad_tmax01 J:\hja83\temp\norad_tmax01 PROJCS['NAD_1983_UTM_Zone_10N',GEOGCS['GCS_North_American_1983',DATUM['D_North_American_1983',SPHEROID['GRS_1980',6378137.0,298.257222101]],PRIMEM['Greenwich',0.0],UNIT['Degree',0.0174532925199433]],PROJECTION['Transverse_Mercator'],PARAMETER['False_Easting',500000.0],PARAMETER['False_Northing',0.0],PARAMETER['Central_Meridian',-123.0],PARAMETER['Scale_Factor',0.9996],PARAMETER['Latitude_Of_Origin',0.0],UNIT['Meter',1.0]] NEAREST 50 NAD_1927_To_NAD_1983_NADCON # PROJCS['NAD_1927_UTM_Zone_10N',GEOGCS['GCS_North_American_1927',DATUM['D_North_American_1927',SPHEROID['Clarke_1866',6378206.4,294.9786982]],PRIMEM['Greenwich',0.0],UNIT['Degree',0.0174532925199433]],PROJECTION['Transverse_Mercator'],PARAMETER['False_Easting',500000.0],PARAMETER['False_Northing',0.0],PARAMETER['Central_Meridian',-123.0],PARAMETER['Scale_Factor',0.9996],PARAMETER['Latitude_Of_Origin',0.0],UNIT['Meter',1.0]]
Include in lineage when exporting metadata No


Distribution 

Distributor
Contact information
Organization's name Oregon State University College of Forestry
Individual's name Forest Science Data Bank
Contact's role  publisher


Contact information
Address
Type both
Delivery point 3200 SW Jefferson Way
City Corvallis
Administrative area OR
Postal code 97331



Available format
*Name Raster Dataset


Ordering process
Terms and fees none
Turnaround time
as time permits

Instructions
Obtain information off of WWW site, call contact person for special requests.


Ordering process
Instructions
Call contact person for instructions and costs.


Transfer options
*Transfer size 0.493


Online source
*Location file://\\forestry\share\GIS\oregon\willamette\hja83\norad_tmax01
*Access protocol Local Area Network
*Description  Downloadable Data



Distribution format
*Name Raster Dataset
Version arcgis 10.2


Transfer options
Units of distribution zip file with arcgis raster export file


Online source
Location  http://andrewsforest.oregonstate.edu/data/studies/spatialdata/ms02937.zip
Access protocol zip file
Function performed  download

Fields 

Details for object norad_tmax01 
Type Raster data set
Definition
mean monthly maximum temperature (1971-2000) not adjusted for effects of radiation and skyview factors

Definition source
Forest Science Data Base documentation



Field value
 
Alias value
Data type I
Width 6
Field description
values are in degrees C x 100

Description source
Forest Science Data Base documentation

Description of values
values are in degrees C x 100 as determined by computer model.





Field count
 
Alias count
Data type I
Width 32
Field description
computer generated count of the number of cells of each value attribute

Description source
esri

Description of values
computer generated count 







Overview Description
Entity and Attribute Overview
values are in degrees C x 100



Entity and Attribute Detail Citation
http://andrewsforest.oregonstate.edu/pubs/pdf/pub3117.pdf





References 

Aggregate Information
Association type  cross reference


Aggregate resource name
Title MS001
Alternate titles  Meteorological data from benchmark stations at the Andrews Experimental Forest, 1957 to present
Creation date 1957-01-01 00:00:00
Revision date 2015-08-21 00:00:00


Other citation details
FSDB Code



Responsible party
Organization's name Oregon State University College of Forestry
Individual's name Forest Science Data Bank
Contact's role  publisher


Contact information
Address
Type
Delivery point 3200 SW Jefferson Way
City Corvallis
Administrative area OR
Postal code 97331



Resource location online
Locationhttp://andrewsforest.oregonstate.edu/data/abstract.cfm?dbcode=MS001&topnav=97
Name FSDB database for Andrews Met stations
Function performed  order



Aggregate Information
Association type  cross reference


Aggregate resource name
Title Mapping the Thermal Climate of the H. J. Andrews Experimental
Publication date 2002-04-23 00:00:00


Presentation formats  digital document
FGDC geospatial presentation format  document


Other citation details
Thesis Title: MAPPING THE THERMAL CLIMATE OF THE H. J. ANDREWS EXPERIMENTAL FOREST, OREGON



Responsible party
Organization's name Oregon State University
Individual's name Jonathan Smith
Contact's position graduate student
Contact's role  author


Resource location online
Locationhttp://andrewsforest.oregonstate.edu/pubs/pdf/pub3117.pdf
Access protocol pdf file
Description  scanned pdf of Jonathan W Smith thesis
Function performed  download



Metadata Details 

Metadata language English (UNITED STATES)
*Metadata character set  utf8 - 8 bit UCS Transfer Format


Scope of the data described by the metadata  dataset
Scope name* dataset


*Last update 2015-12-03


ArcGIS metadata properties
Metadata format ArcGIS 1.0
Standard or profile used to edit metadata FGDC


Created in ArcGIS for the item 2010-06-02 13:30:18
Last modified in ArcGIS for the item 2015-12-03 14:40:20


Automatic updates
Have been performed Yes
Last update 2015-12-03 14:39:43


Metadata Contacts 

Metadata contact
Individual's name Theresa Valentine
Organization's name Corvallis Forest Science Laboratory
Contact's position Spatial Information Manager
Contact's role  point of contact


Contact information
Phone
Voice 541-750-7333
Fax 541-758-7760

Address
Type both
Delivery point 3200 SW Jefferson Way
City Corvallis
Administrative area Oregon
Postal code 97332
Country US
e-mail addresstvalentine@fs.fed.us or theresa.valentine@orst.edu

Hours of service
m-f 8:00am-4:00pm



Metadata Maintenance 

Maintenance
Update frequency  not planned


Metadata Constraints 

Security constraints
Classification  unclassified


Thumbnail and Enclosures 

Thumbnail
Thumbnail type  JPG

Enclosure
Enclosure type  File
Description of enclosure original metadata
Original metadata document, which was translated yes
Source metadata format fgdc

FGDC Metadata (read-only) 

Identification 

Citation
Citation Information
OriginatorJonathan W. Smith
OriginatorChristopher Daly
Publication DateJune 2002
Title
January mean monthly maximum temperature (1971-2000) not adjusted for effects of radiation and skyview factors
Edition1
Geospatial Data Presentation Formraster digital data
Other Citation Details
/data/cascade/hja27/daly/jsmith/norad_tmax01 MS001 MS005
Online Linkagehttp://www.fsl.orst.edu/lter/data/spatialcatalog.cfm?topnav=160
Online Linkagehttp://www.fsl.orst.edu/lter/data/spatialcatalog.cfm?topnav=160

Description
Abstract
Maximum mean monthly temperature maps (and average annual means) with the effects of vegetation removed, but not corrected for incoming monthly solar radiation. Maps were developed using PRISM (Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model), developed by Dr. Christopher Daly at the Spatial Climate Analysis Service. Grids were exported into ASCII format from GRASS GIS software; values are in degrees C x 100.
Purpose
Display or analysis requiring spatially distributed mean monthly termperature maps over the HJ Andrews.
Time Period of Content
Time Period Information
Range of Dates/Times
Beginning Date1971
Ending Date2000
Currentness Reference
ground condition
Status
ProgressComplete
Maintenance and Update FrequencyNone planned

Spatial Domain
Bounding Coordinates
West Bounding Coordinate-122.292380
East Bounding Coordinate-122.058938
North Bounding Coordinate44.297235
South Bounding Coordinate44.165482

Keywords
Theme
Theme Keywordclimate change
Theme Keywordclimate modeling
Theme Keywordair temperature
Theme Keywordmapping
Theme Keywordclimate data

Place
Place KeywordOregon
Place KeywordWillamette Basin
Place KeywordBlue River Watershed
Place KeywordHJ Andrews Experimental Forest

Access Constraints
Available on-line
Use Constraints
See data access policy at www.fsl.orst.edu/lter (especialy the data use policy)
Point of Contact
Contact Information
Contact Person Primary
Contact PersonChristopher Daly
Contact OrganizationSpatial Climate Analysis Service
Contact PositionPrincipal Investigator
Contact Address
Address Typemailing and physical address
AddressOregon State University 316 Strand Ag Hall
CityCorvallis
State or ProvinceOregon
Postal Code97331-2209
CountryUNITED STATES

Contact Voice Telephone(541) 737-2531
Contact Facsimile Telephone(541) 737-5710
Contact Electronic Mail Addressdaly@coas.oregonstate.edu


Security Information
Security ClassificationUnclassified

Native Data Set Environment
Microsoft Windows Vista Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.3500
Cross Reference
Citation Information
OriginatorJonathan Smith
Publication DateJuly 2002
Title
HJ Andrews Temperature Mapping Project
Geospatial Data Presentation Formmap
Other Citation Details
Thesis Title: MAPPING THE THERMAL CLIMATE OF THE H. J. ANDREWS EXPERIMENTAL FOREST, OREGON
Online Linkage http://andrewsforest.oregonstate.edu/pubs/pdf/pub3117.pdf

Cross Reference
Citation Information
OriginatorJonathan Smith
Title
MS001
Other Citation Details
FSDB Code
Online Linkagehttp://andrewsforest.oregonstate.edu/data/abstract.cfm?dbcode=MS001&topnav=97


Data Quality 

Attribute Accuracy
Attribute Accuracy Report
In any research project that bases its methodology on hypothesized quantifications of natural phenomena, there can be many sources of uncertainty.  In this project, errors were not additive throughout the process because of the way in which the methodology was conducted (for example, the selective elimination of sites from the analysis at certain stages).  Thus, the potential sources of error must be examined at each step independently of one another.  Though a formal error analysis could not be done because of low confidence in the historical dataset as a whole, the following discussion attempts to quantify potential sources of uncertainty. 

Historical temperature data at the HJA have been gathered using partially shielded mercury bulb thermometers and thermisters.  Instrumentation error for mercury thermometers (used for about two-thirds of the total period of record) was approximately ± 2.0°C, with another ± 2.0°C error introduced when digitizing the paper charts.  Thermisters, installed by the early 1990s at all sites, are accurate to approximately ± 0.4°C (J. Moreau, pers. comm.).  The inconsistency of sensor heights above the ground may also have been a source of error, though probably a small one.  Mean monthly temperatures were less likely to have been affected by these observational errors than the original daily datasets.

Mean monthly temperatures at sites with short records were adjusted to the full 30-year period using the highest correlated long-term site.  For maximum temperature adjustments, mean absolute errors for periods of record ranged from 1.1°C for a one-year period of record to 0.2°C for a 24-year period of record (0.6°C to 0.2°C for minimum temperatures).  The shorter the period of record for a short-term site, the greater the error, but potential temperature errors never exceeded 0.7°C because any site with less than three years of original data was not considered (mean absolute errors for maximum and minimum temperatures were 0.7°C to 0.6°C for three-year periods of record, respectively).  Thus, errors introduced into the procedure by temporal adjustments were likely minimal compared to observational errors.

     Error estimates of the temperature interpolation process were made using a jackknife cross-validation procedure within PRISM.  At each station location, PRISM was run without that station to estimate the temperature at its location, and the predicted values were compared to the observed station value.  Mean absolute errors, which are the average of the absolute value of error, ranged from 0.5°C to 0.9°C for maximum temperatures, and from 0.1°C to 0.3°C for minimum temperatures throughout the year.  Biases, which assess how high or low estimates are across the entire grid, ranged from +0.1°C to +0.3°C for maximum temperatures, and from 0.0°C to +0.1°C for minimum temperatures.  All of these values are well within observational error, and show that spatial interpolation of temperatures introduced low levels of uncertainty to the process. 

     There were other possible sources of error in the original temperature datasets.  Forest edges (boundary areas between clearings and forests) and streams probably affected long-term monthly temperature values.  Many climate stations in the HJA have been and are located within distances that may be affected by edges and streams.  These physical features could not be accounted for in this study because necessary datasets did not exist to quantify them.  This study also did not quantify scale-dependent temperature advection processes that may affect temperatures in the HJA.  For example, temperature regimes on an even, broad north-facing slope are likely different than those on a small north-facing slope having several slopes of varying orientation nearby.
Completeness Report
Caution must be taken when using estimated temperatures for areas outside the HJA boundaries shown in the maps.  This is because environmental processes within the Lookout Creek watershed were used to quantify the effects of elevation, canopy, cloudiness, and topography on temperatures, and these effects were extrapolated to other areas, where in fact environmental processes may affect temperatures differently.  Because adjustments may have obscured sensitive long-term trends in the datasets, caution should also be taken when using the final dataset to investigate evidence of long-term climatic events in the HJA, such as those associated with PDO (Pacific Decadal Oscillation) or ENSO (El Nino/Southern Oscillation) phenomena.
Positional Accuracy
Horizontal Positional Accuracy
Horizontal Positional Accuracy Report
10 meter DEM for the area was resampled to 50 meter cells
Lineage
Source Information
Source Scale Denominator50 meter
Type of Source Mediacomputer program
Source Time Period of Content
Time Period Information
Range of Dates/Times
Beginning Date1971
Ending Date2000
Source Currentness Reference
ground condition
Process Step
Process Description
Original datasets consisted of daily mean, maximum and minimum temperatures that had been quality-checked and processed into a consistent format.  Missing data were indicated and questionable values were flagged according to a number of conditions (Bierlmaier, pers. comm.)  Any value flagged in any way during this first filtering process was immediately discarded from the database and transformed into a missing value for that day.  Daily temperatures were graphed and visually analyzed again on monthly and yearly scales to check for erroneous values possibly missed during the first filtering process.  Again, any questionable values were discarded, ensuring the most reliable possible dataset.  For the MET sites with variable sensor heights, the 1.5 meter values were used unless that value was missing, in which case the next lower sensor (2.5 meters) was used.  

     After filtering twice, any site left with less than three years of data (10% of the 30-year period) was discarded.  The GR sites were an exception to this rule because of their strategic locations in underrepresented areas or next to open MET sites (making them ideal for open/closed canopy comparisons).  Most discarded sites are in areas that are adequately represented spatially by long-term sites. 

 After mean monthly maximum and minimum temperature datasets were adjusted with regression functions to simulate open flat sites, they were imported into PRISM.  PRISM uses a combination of geographic and statistical methods to spatially interpolate climate variables (Daly et al., 1994).  It is a coordinated set of rules, decisions, and calculations (an ‘inference engine’) designed to mirror the decision-making process an expert climatologist would use in making a map (Daly and Johnson, 1999).

Weights are assigned to the point data according to various factors.  A station is downweighted when its elevation differs significantly from that of the target cell or is far from it geographically.  The station’s influence is further reduced if it is clustered with others (avoiding over-representation), or has a significantly different slope and aspect (topographic facet) than the target cell (Daly et al., 1997).  When used on large areas, PRISM is able to consider a station’s proximity to the ocean and the ‘flatness’ of an area to determine whether two-dimensional or three-dimensional estimates should be used (Daly and Johnson, 1999).  These last two factors are not important in this study, because the HJA is a small area 150 kilometers from the nearest ocean and is hilly enough to require only the three-dimensional model.

 An iterative approach was taken in creating the gridded data for the temperature maps.  With the exception of the stream sites, all canopy/topography-adjusted maximum and minimum temperature datasets were initially input into PRISM, using default parameters and a single-layer atmosphere model.  The resulting grids clearly showed which sites to initially discard.  For example, the unusually warm sites RS38, RS89, and H15MET were visually obvious as high temperature ‘bulls eyes’.  All GR sites were revealed to be anomalously warm and were also discarded.  Other sites such as CS2MET, RS02 and RS86 were also discarded because of warm or cold spatial biases.  Including RS01’s data caused unusual temperature patterns due to the seasonal presence of Blue River Reservoir.  From initial PRISM modeling and personal experience, VANMET was known to be anomalously warm and RS04 anomalously cool.  In order to retain spatial representation in their area, a ‘pseudo-site’ was created at point between them on the DEM, with temperature values given as their averages for each month.  Using this pseudo-site instead of VANMET and RS04 individually gave far more realistic temperatures on top of the northern peaks and ridges of the HJA.  The National Climatic Data Center’s 500-millibar (approximately 5200 meters) 2.5° global temperature grid was used as a high-level anchor ‘site’ over the HJA to ensure that the tops of the highest peaks and ridges in the area were modeled correctly.  Table 4.26 summarizes the sites used in the final analysis.  With the exception of the Mack Creek area, most regions within the HJA are fairly well-represented spatially, having a measurement station within about two kilometers.

PRISM was run again with the reduced set of sites.  Since the number of sites had been decreased to 15, the radius of influence was specified to consider every point in the HJA when making cell estimates.  Even using a single atmospheric layer model with this specification, a temperature inversion over the lower Lookout Creek Valley was evident during most months for both maximum and minimum temperatures.   The maximum temperature inversion is more defined in January (at an elevation of approximately 700 meters), with minimum temperature inversions well-defined in both January and July at approximately 720 meters.  Taking the base elevation of the Lookout Creek valley to be 420 meters, depths of inversions over it were approximately 280 meters for maximum temperatures and 300 meters for minimum temperatures.  

We thus switched to the two-atmosphere model in PRISM with these inversion height values specified.  A certain amount of ‘cross-talk’ was allowed between layers to avoid an unnaturally abrupt transition between layers.  Elevations were buffered by ± 150 meters for maximum temperature and ± 120 meters for minimum temperatures, reflecting the higher seasonal variation in minimum temperature inversion heights.  Variable inversion heights with elevation were modeled such that the deepest inversions were found at the lowest elevations (over the lower Lookout Creek and McKenzie River valleys).  The two-layer atmosphere model was used to model both maximum and minimum temperatures for every month.

All of the final parameter values used to make the grids were determined by varying them slightly in different combinations, then iteratively running PRISM and analyzing the results both statistically (with regression functions through the PRISM interface) or visually (with the temperature grids).  In this way, knowledge of HJA microclimatology could be applied and combined with PRISM’s statistical abilities to create maps that were not only numerically sound, but made sense physically.

Citations for PRISM: 
Daly, C., E.H. Helmer, and M. Quinones.  2003.  Mapping the climate of Puerto Rico, Vieques, and Culebra.  International Journal of Climatology, 23: 1359-1381.

Daly, C., W. P. Gibson, G.H. Taylor, G. L. Johnson, P. Pasteris.  2002.  A knowledge-based approach to the statistical mapping of climate.  Climate Research, 22: 99-113.
 
Daly, C., R.P. Neilson, and D.L. Phillips.  1994.  A statistical-topographic model for mapping climatological precipitation over mountainous terrain.  Journal of Applied Meteorology 33: 140-158.

Process DateUnknown


Process Contact
Contact Information
Contact Person Primary
Contact PersonChris Daly
Contact OrganizationSpatial Climate Analysis Service
Contact PositionDirector
Contact Address
Address Typemailing and physical address
Address326 Strand Agricultural Hall
AddressOregon State University
CityCorvallis
State or ProvinceOregon
Postal Code 97331-2204
CountryUNITED STATES

Contact Voice Telephone(541) 737-2531/5705
Contact Facsimile Telephone(541) 737-5710
Contact Electronic Mail Addressdaly@oce.orst.edu

Process Step
Process Description
Metadata imported.
Source Used Citation Abbreviation
J:\hja27\daly\jsmith\jsmith.txt.xml


Process Step
Process Description
Dataset copied.
Source Used Citation Abbreviation
J:\hja83\temp\norad_tmax01
Process Date2010-06-02
Process Time13:30:18


Spatial Data Organization 

Direct Spatial Reference MethodRaster


Raster Object Information
Raster Object TypeGrid Cell
Row Count289
Column Count370
Vertical Count1

Spatial Reference 

Horizontal Coordinate System Definition
Planar
Planar Coordinate Information
Planar Coordinate Encoding Methodrow and column
Coordinate Representation
Abscissa Resolution50.000000
Ordinate Resolution50.000000
Planar Distance Unitsmeters

Geodetic Model
Horizontal Datum NameNorth American Datum of 1983
Ellipsoid NameGeodetic Reference System 80
Semi-major Axis6378137.000000
Denominator of Flattening Ratio298.257222

Entities and Attributes 

Detailed Description
Entity Type
Entity Type Labelnorad_tmax01
Entity Type Definition
mean monthly maximum temperature (1971-2000) not adjusted for effects of radiation and skyview factors
Entity Type Definition SourceForest Science Data Base documentation

Attribute
Attribute Labelvalue
Attribute Definition
values are in degrees C x 100
Attribute Definition SourceForest Science Data Base documentation
Attribute Domain Values
Unrepresentable Domain
values are in degrees C x 100 as determined by computer model.

Attribute
Attribute Labelcount
Attribute Definition
computer generated count of the number of cells of each value attribute
Attribute Definition Sourceesri
Attribute Domain Values
Unrepresentable Domain
computer generated count

Overview Description
Entity and Attribute Overview
values are in degrees C x 100
Entity and Attribute Detail Citation
http://andrewsforest.oregonstate.edu/pubs/pdf/pub3117.pdf

Distribution Information 

Distributor
Contact Information
Contact Person Primary
Contact PersonTheresa Valentine
Contact OrganizationCorvallis Forest Science Laboratory
Contact PositionSpatial Information Manger
Contact Address
Address Typemailing and physical address
Address3200 SW Jefferson Way
CityCorvallis
State or ProvinceOR
Postal Code97332
CountryUNITED STATES

Contact Voice Telephone541-750-7333
Contact Facsimile Telephone541-758-7760
Contact Electronic Mail Addresstvalentine@fs.fed.us or theresa.valentine@orst.edu
Hours of Servicem-f 8:00am-4:30pm

Resource DescriptionDownloadable Data
Distribution Liability
While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available "as is". The Andrews LTER shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of data sets.
Standard Order Process
Digital Form
Digital Transfer Information
Format NameARCE
Transfer Size0.493

Feesnone
Ordering Instructions
Obtain information off of WWW site, call contact person for special requests.
Turnaroundas time permits


Custom Order Process
Call contact person for instructions and costs.


Metadata Reference 

Metadata Date2014-03-04
Metadata Contact
Contact Information
Contact Person Primary
Contact PersonTheresa Valentine
Contact OrganizationCorvallis Forest Science Laboratory
Contact PositionSpatial Information Manager
Contact Address
Address Typemailing and physical address
Address3200 SW Jefferson Way
CityCorvallis
State or ProvinceOregon
Postal Code97332
CountryUNITED STATES

Contact Voice Telephone541-750-7333
Contact Facsimile Telephone541-758-7760
Contact Electronic Mail Addresstvalentine@fs.fed.us or theresa.valentine@orst.edu
Hours of Servicem-f 8:00am-4:00pm

Metadata Standard NameFGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata Standard VersionFGDC-STD-001-1998
Metadata Time Conventionlocal time


Metadata Security Information
Metadata Security ClassificationUnclassified